Hi!

I’m Kristen Wright, a therapist specializing in eating disorders and neurodiversity. Today, I want to shed light on how these two diagnoses can overlap, and how they interact in ways that might surprise you. Whether you’re new to this topic or familiar with it, I hope you’ll find some valuable insights here.

Understanding Key Terms

To begin, let’s clarify a few key terms:

• Dual Diagnosis: This refers to having two conditions that overlap and influence each other, making treatment more complex.
• Neurodivergence: This inclusive term encompasses a range of differences like ADHD and Autism Spectrum, as well as neurodivergence acquired through trauma, and many other forms (see link below). For this discussion, we’ll use neurodivergency as a broad term, with specific references to ADHD and Autism Spectrum.
• Eating Disorders: These include conditions such as Anorexia Nervosa, Binge Eating Disorder, and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID), among others. Eating disorders are serious conditions that involve unhealthy relationships with food and require professional treatment.

Did You Know?

Recent research has shown a significant overlap between neurodivergence and eating disorders. For example, a 2023 study found that 18.3% of individuals with eating disorders were also diagnosed with ADHD . Additionally, up to 30% of those with eating disorders may also be autistic. 

However, it’s important not to jump to conclusions. Not everyone who is also neurodivergent will develop an eating disorder, and vice versa. Understanding the interaction between these conditions is key to effective treatment.

How Eating Disorders Impact Neurodivergent Recovery

When treating eating disorders in individuals who are neurodivergent, it’s crucial to recognize the unique challenges they face. Many neurodivergent individuals might develop eating disorders due to a variety of factors, including the need for stimulation, social acceptance, or to manage trauma. Additionally, neurodivergent individuals often have specific nutritional needs, such as deficiencies in nutrients* zinc, magnesium, or Omega-3, which can complicate their relationship with food (see disclaimer below).

This complex interplay can lead to behaviors like binge eating, selective eating, or even food-related trauma, all of which can exacerbate the challenges of recovery.

Body Awareness in Neurodivergence with Eating Disorders

Many neurodivergent individuals struggle with body awareness, which can be further complicated by eating disorders. They may forget to eat, not recognize hunger cues, or experience what’s known as “interoception,” where body signals are misinterpreted or ignored. This can lead to cycles of overeating and purging, making recovery even more challenging.

Sensitivity in Neurodivergents and Eating Disorders

Neurodivergent individuals often have heightened sensitivities, whether it’s to the taste, texture, or even the sound of food. This hypersensitivity can make eating a complex and often overwhelming experience, further complicating the relationship with food.

Forming Habits When Neurodivergent

Habits can be both a challenge and a necessity for neurodivergent individuals. While some may struggle with maintaining routines, others might cling to them to the point of perfectionism, which can lead to burnout. Developing bountiful eating habits within this context requires a delicate balance of structure and flexibility.

Overlap and Medication Management

Many neurodivergent individuals also experience anxiety, mood swings, or other mental health challenges that require medication. However, medications can affect hunger cues or digestion, further complicating the recovery process from an eating disorder. It’s important to approach medication management with care, considering the unique needs of each individual.

The Impact of Income and Accessibility

Financial challenges can also play a significant role in managing neurodivergence and eating disorders. Impulsive spending, job instability, and difficulties with budgeting can all affect access to food and the ability to maintain a balanced and regular eating schedule. These issues can add another layer of complexity to the recovery process.

Neurodivergence and Eating Disorders: Getting Treatment

Treatment for eating disorders in neurodivergent individuals should involve a comprehensive, collaborative approach. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Eating Disorders (CBT-E) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) can provide the structure and support needed to help individuals find peace with food. It’s crucial to work with a therapist, dietician, and medication provider who truly understands and listens to the neurodivergent experience.

Higher Level Care

For some, a higher level of care might be necessary, especially when dealing with more extreme issues like substance use or the need for intensive structure. Transitioning from inpatient to outpatient care should be handled with care, focusing on self-curation of routines and continued support.

Participating in Research and Clinical Trials

There’s still much to learn about the overlap between neurodivergence and eating disorders. Participating in research and clinical trials can be a valuable way to contribute to this growing field of knowledge. However, it’s important to thoroughly vet any clinical trial before participating.

Conclusion

Navigating the intersection of neurodivergence and eating disorders can be challenging, but understanding the unique needs and experiences of neurodivergent individuals is crucial for effective treatment. By seeking out the right support and resources, it’s possible to move from a state of chronic struggle to a place of recovery and peace. If you or someone you know is dealing with these complexities, remember that help is available, and you don’t have to face this journey alone.

If you’d like to learn more about how we can support you, feel free to reach out. Your journey to recovery starts with understanding, and we’re here to walk that path with you.

*Disclaimer: Any additional or supplementation of vitamins can only be recommended by a Primary Care Provider or discussed with a registered dietician regarding sourcing nutrients with food. This article is for a broad introduction on the complexity and intersectionality of eating disorders and neurodiversity which is best addressed through a comprehensive and informed team. 

Resources

ADHD with Eating Disorder medical Articles 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780667

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4777329

https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/treatment-for-eating-disorders/co-occurring-dual-diagnosis/adhd

Autism Spectrum with Eating Disorder medical articles. 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37781978

Vitamin Resources + Natural Recommendations 

https://www.additudemag.com/vitamins-minerals-adhd-treatment-plan

https://finallyfocused.org/ –   research by Dr. James Greenblatt

Additional Resources on Neurodivergence and Eating Disorders

https://neurodivergentinsights.com

https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-linked-to-eating-disorders